How Does Solar Energy Work?
Solar energy is a renewable source of energy, which means it is not exhaustible like fossil fuel. Solar energy harnesses energy from the sun, transforms it into electrical energy, and distributes it to power a multitude of appliances, structures, and vehicles. Here’s a breakdown of how solar energy works:
1. Solar panels capture sunlight.
When installed on roofs or in an open field, solar panels capture energy emitted from the sun. The energy is absorbed through the solar cells, which are usually made of silicon. As the sun’s rays contact the cells, electrons in the panel’s cells are excited by the energy and knocked off their atoms.
2. Photovoltaic cells separate electrons.
Once the electrons are excited, they are separated and allowed to flow freely. When the electrons move along the panels, they form a direct current (DC). The direct current is then sent to an inverter.
3. Inverter transforms DC to AC.
The inverter “inverts” the direct current into alternating current (AC), which the majority of homes and office structures use. The alternating current distributes the energy to the electrical devices in the building.
4. Energy is used or stored.
Once the energy is converted into AC, it can be used to power appliances, light fixtures, and computers. If more energy is produced than can be used, the excess energy is usually sent to a battery or the utility grid. The battery stores the energy and is able to distribute it later instead of sending it back to the grid.
5. The energy grid.
The utility grid is a series of power lines that transport electricity from multiple energy sources to homes and office structures. If you have solar panels installed, the energy generated from the panels can be sold back to the grid. If there is an excess of energy, the local utility company will often purchase the energy generated from the homeowner or business.
6. Solar energy is sustainable.
Solar energy is a clean source of energy as it doesn’t release any pollutants or emit any greenhouse gases. It is a sustainable natural resource that reduces greenhouse gas emissions from power plants that produce power by burning fossil fuels.
So now you know how solar energy works. Solar energy is a rapidly growing industry, and with the benefits of reducing electricity costs, reducing carbon emissions, and increasing energy independence, it’s easy to see why. By harnessing sunlight and transforming it into usable energy, solar energy is leading the way for a brighter, more sustainable future.
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