We know that there are two types of motors, namely AC and DC. The AC motor uses AC current to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. There are many types of AC motor. The DC motor uses DC current to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. The main advantage of using this is that we can control the speed, and it occupies less space.
There are 4 major types of DC motor. They are:
In the case of a permanent magnet DC motor, permanent magnets are used to create field flux. The other three types are classified based on the electrical connections between the stator and the rotor. Each of them has a unique torque/speed.
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Classification of DC Motor
Based on the type of construction and electrical connection, DC motors can be categorised into four major types. A brief chart (based on the type of construction and electrical connection) is given below:
Types of DC motor when listed sequentially:
Permanent Magnet DC Motor
In these types of DC motor, the permanent magnet is used to create a magnetic field. In this, no input current is consumed for excitation. These are used in automobile starters, wipers, air conditioners, etc
Shunt DC Motor
Here, the field is connected with the armature windings in parallel or also known as a shunt. The shunt field can be separately excited from the armature windings and that is the reason it can be used for greater speed regulation and can also offer very simplified reverse control.
Series DC Motor
Here, a large wire carrying the full armature current winds the field with few turns. This kind of motor generates a large amount of starting torque but the speed cannot be regulated here. If they are run with no load then it might face damage. These are not the ideal option for variable speed applications.
Compound DC Motor
These have a shunt field which is separately excited. They have a good starting torque but might face problems in variable speed applications.
Short Shunt DC Motor
Here, the shunt field winding is only connected with the armature winding and that too in parallel. The field coil, which is in series, is entirely exposed to current before being split up into the armature.
Long Shunt DC Motor
Here, the shunt field winding is connected in parallel with the both series field coil and armature which are again connected with each other in series.
Differentially Compound DC Motor
In this type of compound wound DC motor, the flux produced due to the shunt field windings reduces the effect of the main series windings.
Cumulative Compound DC Motor
Here, the flux produced by the shunt field windings enhances the effect of the main field flux which is produced by series winding.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1
A permanent magnet DC motor uses permanent magnets to create field flux.
Q2
A large wire carrying the full armature current winds the field with few turns. This kind of motor generates a large amount of starting torque but the speed cannot be regulated here.
Q3
These have a shunt field which is separately excited. They have a good starting torque but might face problems in variable speed applications.
Q4
The types of compound excited DC motors are short shunt motor, long shunt motor, differential compound, cumulative compound.
Q5
The types of self-excited DC motors are shunt excited, compound excited and series excited DC motors.
Q6
When the speed of a DC motor increases, back emf increases but there will be a fall in the line currents. This is because speed is proportional to the back emf. If there is a series motor, the armature current will be equal to the load current.
Q7
The direction of rotation of the motor is determined by Fleming’s left-hand rule. The law states that when the current-carrying conductor is placed in the magnetic field, there is a force acting on the conductor, and on the other side of the conductor is forcefully kept under a magnetic field, there will be an induced current in the conductor.
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Electric motors come in a variety of sizes and capacities and are produced for different applications. There are two main types of electric motor: AC motors (alternating current) and DC motors (direct current). These are used in the majority of electric motor applications and are adapted to suit the industry and requirements of the product. This can mean that the electric motor can be brushed, brushless, synchronous or even uses permanent magnets.
AC motors use an alternating current to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They only require a low power upon start-up, and they allow for controlled acceleration, which means that they can retain a constant speed and performance. It is these features that make AC motors perfect for applications that require stable use, such as conveyor systems or air conditioning units. These uses don’t require a constant change in speed, meaning that wear and tear on the motor is less prevalent. Couple this with the fact that AC motors don’t have brushes, and you will find that they are a very durable type of electric motor.
Types of AC motors
There are two main types of AC motors, synchronous and induction. In a synchronous AC motor, the rotation of the rotor matches the frequency of the supply current. Therefore, the speed remains constant no matter the load, this makes it ideal for high precision positioning devices such as robotic solutions.
Induction motors are the most common type of AC motor and can be found in anything from lifting equipment to household appliances. They are also known as asynchronous motors because they use electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field in the stator winding, this produces a current in the rotor.
All DC motors use a direct current, DC motors also have good speed control and a high starting torque. This makes them ideal for electric motor applications that need to move heavier loads in a variety of conditions, for example, wiper systems for rail, marine and haulage industries.
From electric shavers to cars, DC motors are used in a variety of applications and there are several different types of DC motors to cater to these applications. Parvalux specialises in custom BLDC motors and PMDC motors.
BLDC motors
DC motors can be bought as a brushed electric motor or as brushless (BLDC motors). As discussed, a brushed motor may require more maintenance, due to the brushes wearing out. However, they are used frequently in applications that require a cheaper solution and are popular in industrial environments.
A brushless electric motor is typically more efficient because speed is not lost due to brushes and it therefore also has a quieter operation. BLDC motors need to be wired to an electronic speed control to enable current to flow to the electromagnets. Hence, they are usually more expensive to purchase.
PMDC motors
Permanent magnet motors (PMDC motors) are another type of DC motor that are commonly found in the healthcare and leisure industries. The main difference between these and other types of electric motors is that the magnetic field is generated in the stator using fixed magnets, as opposed to being created in the stator windings.
PMDC motors are usually smaller than other types of DC motors, making them easy to transport globally and more cost-effective. This means they can be found in all sorts of day-to-day objects, including children’s toys and electric toothbrushes.
The electric motor is vital to countless applications across the globe. Whether you choose an AC or DC motor, there will be a solution to give you the best possible results. Parvalux designs and manufactures electric motors that are innovative and durable, ensuring that your customers’ products are always on the move. Learn more about Parvalux electric motors by getting in touch here: Your local contact – Parvalux
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